Bullfrog
(Scientific Name: Rana
catesbeiana)
Description:
North American Bullfrogs are the largest true frog found in North
America, weighing up to 0.5 kg and 203 mm in length. Typical length
ranges from 90 to 152 mm. Color varies from brownish to shades of
green, often with spots or blotches of a darker color about the
back. The hind feet are fully webbed. The sex of an adult bullfrog
can be easily determined by examining the size of the tympanum (the
external ear of the frog) relative to that of the eye. The tympanum
is a round circle located on the side of the head near the eye, and
in males it is much larger than the eye. In females the tympanum is
as large or smaller than the eye. Also, during the breeding season
the throat of the male bullfrog is yellow, whereas the female's is
white.
Habitat: North American Bullfrogs must live
in water and are therefore usually found near some source of water,
such as a lake, pond, or river. Warm, still, shallow waters are
preferred. Bullfrogs are becoming increasingly common in areas that
have been modified by humans. Increased water temperatures and
increased aquatic vegetation, which are common factors of lakes
polluted by humans, favor bullfrogs by providing suitable habitats
for growth, reproduction, and escape from predators. Bullfrogs have
a much higher critical thermal maximum than most other frogs,
meaning that they are able to thrive in higher water temperatures.
Bullfrogs
have a longer breeding season and a higher rate of pre-metamorphic
survivorship, which also allows them to be more successful than
other frogs. Colorado, among many other places, is experiencing
problems due to introduced bullfrog populations. Bullfrogs may have
been introduced accidentally to trout streams and lakes during the
Colorado Divisions of Wildlife fish stocking operations. Bullfrogs
occasionally invade fish hatchery ponds and their larvae are caught
along with the fishes routinely stocked in ponds and reservoirs.
Most fish are averse to eating bullfrog tadpoles because of their
undesirable taste.